HELIOS-64 & 65

HELIOS no. 64 & 65 28.Sep. 2001
(We regret this issue is postponed, therefore a double-issue)

This Helios Newsletter continues a series newsletters under the same name as above and that were issued as the newsletter of the Solar Section of the Norwegian Astronomical Society. Helios no. 1 was issued on 2nd May 1979 and ended almost simultaneously as I resigned as the leader of that section, i.e. in August 1989. Now I bring it to life again, started where I left it.
Comments? Post them!

From SESC/PRFs: SWO PRF 1344, 1348, 1354, 1357 & 1359
Severe Storm (Ap>100) Geomagnetic Conditions, M5 or greater X-ray flares, Proton Events, Solar Terrestial Indices, Solar Cycle Progress
CLICK ON IMAGES TO ENLARGE!

Extracts from Preliminary Report and Forecast, SEL, Boulder, CO. USA:

SWO PRF 1335 03 April 2001

Solar activity was at moderate to high levels. Activity was moderate during 26 - 27 March due to isolated low-level M-class flares from Regions 9393 (N17, L = 151, class/area Fkc/2440 on 29 March) and 9401 (N21, L = 134, class/area Eki/230 on 30 March). Region 9393 exhibited rapid growth through 29 March and became the largest spot group observed during Cycle 23. The region began to gradual decay on 30 March, but remained extremely large and structurally complex through the end of the period. Solar activity rose to high levels on 29 March as Region 9393 produced an X1/1n at 29/1015 UTC associated with a 4700 sfu Tenflare, a solar proton event (see the description below), and a full-halo CME. Region 9393 also produced numerous low-level M-class flares during the period including an M4/Sf at 28/1240 UTC associated with a full-halo CME (please refer to the Energetic Events listing for flare times). Activity decreased to moderate levels during 30 - 31 March with isolated M-class flares from Region 9393. Activity returned to high levels on 01 April due to an M5 X-ray flare at 01/1217 UTC from a source just beyond the southeast limb. Bright post-flare loops were seen at SE25 following this flare as well as a spectacular non-Earth-directed CME. Note: prior to publication of this report, Region 9393 produced the largest X-ray event seen so far this cycle, with an estimated magnitude of X20 at 02/2150 UTC; details will be provided in next week's issue.

Solar activity reached high levels for the third consecutive week! Region 9393 (N17, L = 151,

class/area Fkc/2440 on 29 March) produced two X-class flares on 02 April while crossing the west limb. One of these flares, an X20 at 02/2151 UTC (X-ray peak estimated due to GOES SRS saturation), had the largest X-ray magnitude seen to date in Cycle 23. The X20 was associated with a 10,000 SFU Tenflare, a partial-halo CME, and a solar proton event (see the discussion below). Region 9393 also holds the distinction of being the largest sunspot group yet seen during Cycle 23. Region 9415 (S21, L - 001, class/area Eko/880 on 07 April) rotated into view just as Region 9393 was departing the disk. Region 9415 was an able successor to Region 9393: it produced three major flares during the period, the largest of which was an X5/Sf (optical flare designation uncertain) at 1921 UTC on 06 April (see the Energetic Event Summary for flare times). Halo CMEs were associated with each of these major flares. Region 9415 was also responsible for an M5 X-ray flare on 01 April, a day before it rotated into view. It is currently near center disk, classified as a large, magnetically complex (beta-gamma-delta) E-type spot group with a strong persistent delta magnetic configuration in its leader spots. Note: Region 9415 produced additional major flares during 09 - 10 April..

Solar activity reached high levels for the fourth consecutive week. Region 9415 (S22, L = 001,

class/area Eko/880 on 07 April) produced major flares on April 9, 10, 12, and 15 (please refer to the Energetic Event Summary for flare specifics). Region 9415 was large and magnetically complex, by virtue of a strong magnetic delta configuration within the leader portion of the region. Region 9415 began to gradually decay on 09 April, but the strong delta persisted through 13 April. The delta appeared to dissipate on 14 April as the Region 9415, then classed (magnetically) as a beta-gamma, continued to slowly decay. As its decay phase continued, Region 9415 produced the largest flare of the period; an X14/2b which peaked at 15/1350 UTC, making it the second largest flare observed during Cycle 23. This flare was associated with a 48000 SFU Tenflare, Type II and IV radio sweeps, solar proton events at greater than 100 MeV and 10 MeV, and a ground level event (GLE). Region was crossing the west limb as the period ended.

Solar activity was at moderate levels during most of the period. Region 9415 (S22, L = 001, class/area Eko/880 on 07 April) had a deceptively quiet west limb passage on 16 April. However, it produced a flare from beyond the west limb (roughly W115) on 18 April associated with a Type II radio sweep, a C2 X-ray flare (peak at 18/0214 UTC), a solar proton event, and an impressive coronal mass ejection (CME), most of which was directed anti-Earthward.April 18 also saw the return of old Region 9393, which was renumbered as Region 9433 (N17, L =155, class/area Fki/790 on 21 April). This region was the likely source for isolated, optically uncorrelated low-level M-class flares on 16 - 17 April (please refer to the Energetic Events listing for flare specifics). Region 9433 continued to produce isolated low-level M-class flares during the rest of the period, the largest of which was an M3/1n at 22/2044 UTC with an associated 270 SFU Tenflare and a Type II radio sweep. Most of the flares in Region 9433 have occurred within the trailer portion of the group, where new magnetic flux emerged during the last few days of the period resulting in the formation of a magnetic delta configuration on 22 April. Region 9433 continued (ominously) to increase in size and magnetic complexity as the period ended. The remaining regions were small- to moderate-sized and simply structured.

Solar activity ranged from low to high levels. Region 9433 (N17, L = 153, class/area Fki/1070 on 25 April) produced low-level M-class flares through 25 April as it showed gradual spot growth within its interior and trailing portions (a magnetic delta configuration persisted in the trailer portion through the period). Activity reached high levels on 25 April by virtue of five low-level M-class flares from Region 9433, all of which were impulsive. Activity increased to high levels again on 26 April as Region 9433 produced the sole major flare of the period: an M7/2b at 26/1312 UTC with an associated 360 SFU Tenflare, and Type II and IV radio sweeps. SOHO/LASCO images also showed a full-halo coronal mass ejection (CME) associated with this flare. Region 9433 entered a gradual decay phase following the major flare, exhibiting gradual loss of spots in the leading and intermediate portions of the group. However, the trailer portion of the region remained complex as the delta persisted through the remainder of the period. Activity declined to moderate levels on 27 April with isolated low-level M-class flares from Region 9433. Activity dropped to low levels on 28 April and remained so for the balance of the period with isolated C-class subflares, mostly from Regions 9433 and 9441 (N08, L = 078, class/area Dai/190 on 29 April). Region 9441 produced isolated C-class subflares during a minor growth phase that occurred during 27 - 29 April, followed by gradual decay during the rest of the period. Region 9433 began to cross the west limb at the close of the period.

Solar activity ranged from low to moderate levels. Region 9433 (N17, L = 153, class/area Fki/1070 on 25 April), which had been in a process of gradual decay since producing a major flare on 26 April, crossed the west limb on 01 May. It produced isolated low-level M-class flares during 01 - 02 May as it crossed the west limb (see the Energetic Events list for flare specifics). This region was also responsible for multiple CME events observed from beyond the west limb during 02 - 03 May. Activity decreased to low levels on 03 May with isolated C-class subflares, mostly from Regions 9445 (N25, L = 027, class/area Fai/390 on 01 May) and 9447 (N12, L = 061, class/area Eai/260 on 04 May), both of which were moderate-sized with a slight degree of magnetic complexity. These regions were gradually decaying at the close of the period.

Solar activity ranged from low to moderate levels. Activity was low through 11 May, mostly due to C-class flares from Regions 9445 (N24, L = 027, class/area Fai/390 on 01 May) and 9455 (S18, L = 273, class/area Dao/190 on 12 May). Region 9445 gradually decayed before crossing the west limb on 10 May. Multiple CMEs were observed early on 07 May from beyond the west limb, one of which was associated with a solar proton event (see the description below). Activity increased to moderate levels during 12 - 13 May due to two low-level M-class flares from Region 9455 (see the Energetic Events listing for flare specifics). Coronal mass ejections were observed in the wake of both flares, but neither appeared Earth-directed. Region 9455 was a moderate-sized group with a minor degree of magnetic complexity that showed little change during the period. The same was true of Region 9454 (N13, L = 231, class/area Eko/430 on 11 May), which produced isolated C-class flares early in the period. Old Region 9415 (S22, L = 001, class/area Eko/880 on 07 April), which was responsible for major flare activity during its previous rotation, returned as a spotless plage area. Enhanced emission near the northeast limb at the time of this report suggest the possible active return of old Region 9433 (N17, L = 155, class/area Fki/790 on 21 April).

Solar activity reached high levels during the period. Activity was low as the period began, then increased to moderate levels during 15 - 17 May by virtue of isolated, low-level M-class flares from Region 9455 (S17, l = 273, class/area Fai/230 on 17 May) (please refer to the Energetic Events list for flare specifics). Region 9455 was a moderate-sized spot group, which changed little during the period, but maintained a minor degree of magnetic complexity until it crossed the west limb on 19 May. Activity decreased to low levels during 18 - 19 May with occasional C-class x-ray flares. Activity increased to high levels on 20 May with an M6 x-ray flare at 20/0603 UTC from beyond the southwest limb associated with a 360 SFU Tenflare, a Type II radio sweep, and a coronal mass ejection that did not appear to be Earth-directed. An M1 x-ray flare occurred at 20/0920 UTC associated with a Type II radio sweep. (Old) Region 9455 appeared to be the source for both of these flares. Region 9461 (N18, L = 161, class/area Dao/170 on 19 May) rotated into view on 15 May. It appeared to be the return of old Region 9433, which produced major flares during its previous two rotations. Region 9461 was a relatively simple D-type spot group with a mild mixing of polarities within its intermediate spots. It produced isolated C-class subflares during the period.

Solar activity was predominately low during the period, with a single day of moderate levels, due to an isolated, M1/1n flare from Region 9468 (N05, l = 093, class/area Dai/150 on 24 May) at 24/1944 UTC. This flare also had an associated Type II radio sweep and an Earth-directed coronal mass ejection. Activity levels dropped to very low on 26 May and then returned to low levels for the remainder of the period. Isolated C-class subflares comprised most of the solar activity during the period.

Solar activity was low during most of the period, briefly dipping to very low levels on 30 May. Isolated, low-level C-class subflares occurred during most of the period from a few sunspot groups of moderate size and minor magnetic complexity.

Solar activity was at low to moderate levels. Moderate activity occurred during 04 - 05 June due to isolated, low-level M-class flares from Region 9488 (S18, L = 288, class/area Cko/290 on 04 June) (please refer to the Energetic Events list for flare particulars). These flares occurred as a weak delta magnetic configuration formed, then dissipated near the leader spots. Region 9488 entered a gradual decay phase on 08 June, but maintained a minor degree of magnetic complexity through the rest of the period as it produced isolated C-class subflares. Another event of note was a C3/Sf flare from Region 9474 (N20, L = 037, class/area Dao/060 on 29 May), which was a spotless plage area at the time of the flare. This flare was associated with a Type II radio sweep, a small filament disappearance, and a proton enhancement at greater than 10 MeV. Activity dropped to low levels during 06 - 07 June due to occasional C-class flares from a few sunspot groups of minor magnetic complexity. Activity increased to moderate levels on 08 June due to an M1/Sf flare from Region 9494 (S08, L = 309, class/area Eki/410 on 10 June). The flare occurred during a gradual growth phase in Region 9494, which continued through the remainder of the period. Activity decreased to low levels for the rest of the period with isolated C-class subflares.

Solar activity alternated between low and high levels. Activity reached high levels on 13 and 15 June due to two major flares from Region 9502 (S25, L = 155, class/area Dso/160 on 14 June). The first was an M7/1n at 13/1142 UTC and the other an M6/1n at 15/1013 UTC. Both flares were impulsive with minor radio emission. Region 9502 was unremarkable in terms of size and structure and entered a gradual decay phase on 17 June. Solar activity was low during the rest of the period with isolated to occasional C-class flares. Other events of note included a C6/1n at 12/0719 UTC from Region 9488 (S18, L = 288, class/area Cko/290 on 04 June) associated with a Type II radio sweep and a minor proton enhancement at greater than 10 MeV; a long-duration C6/Sf flare at 14/0943 UTC associated with a partial-halo coronal mass ejection (CME), and a CME from beyond the west limb on 15 June associated with a proton event at greater than 10 MeV.

Solar activity ranged from low to high levels. Activity was at moderate levels on the first day of the period due to an M2/2n parallel-ribbon flare from Region 9506 (N18, L = 111, class/area Fki/720 on 16 June). Region 9506, which possessed a minor degree of magnetic complexity, also produced C-class subflares during most days. It appeared to enter a decay phase on the last day of the period. Activity dropped to low levels during 19 - 21 June with isolated to occasional C-class flares. Activity increased to high levels on 22 June as Region 9503 (N15, L = 139 class/area Fai/550 on 19 June) produced an impulsive M6/1n flare at 22/2222 UTC with minor radio emission. Region 9503 showed gradual development prior to the major flare with a magnetic delta configuration observed within its trailer spots on 21 June. It began to gradually decay following the M6 flare and was approaching the west limb at the close of the period. Activity remained high on 23 June due to two major flares from Region 9511 (N10, L = 067, class/area Dao/110 on 23 June). The first was an M5/1n at 23/0015 UTC and the second an X1/1b at 23/0408 UTC. Both flares were impulsive with minor radio emission. Region 9511 exhibited very rapid growth following its emergence on 22 June and had developed a magnetic delta configuration prior to the major flares. Activity dropped to low levels on the last day of the period with isolated C-class flares mostly from Region 9511, which entered a decay phase.

Solar activity was low during most of the period, briefly dipping to very low levels on 30 June. Isolated C-class subflares occurred. The active regions were largely unremarkable and a trend of decreasing activity occurred during the latter half of the period. At the close of the period, the disk was populated by small, simple sunspot groups; all of which were stable.

Solar activity was at very low to low levels. Very low activity occurred through 06 July with isolated B-class X-ray flares. Activity increased to low levels during the rest of the period due to isolated C-class subflares from two developing active regions. One of these, Region 9530 (S20, L = 293, class/area Cso/040 on 06 July) produced the largest flare of the period: a C9/Sf at 07/0331 UTC associated with a Type II radio sweep. Region 9530 entered a decay phase on 08 July. Region 9531 (S06, L = 223, class/area Dao/050 on 08 July) emerged on 08 July, then grew at a moderate pace as it produced isolated C-class subflares. The 06 July 10.7 cm solar radio flux reading of 116 was the lowest observed since September 1999.

Solar activity ranged from very low to moderate levels. Activity was at mostly very low levels through 13 July with isolated B-class subflares. Activity increased to moderate levels on 14 July due to an isolated M1/Sf flare at 14/2133 UTC from Region 9539 (S18, L = 165, class/area Eai/110 on 15 July), which began a gradual growth phase on 12 July. Activity dropped to low levels on 15 July with isolated C-class flares from Region 9539.

Solar activity ranged from very low to moderate levels. Activity was moderate at the start of the period due to an isolated M1/1n flare at 16/0320 UTC from Region 9539 (S18, L = 165, Eai/220 on 17 July), which was in a gradual growth phase at the time of the flare. Region 9539 began to gradually decay on 17 July and was relatively quiet for the rest of the period. Activity dropped to low levels during 17 - 18 July with isolated B- and C-class X-ray flares. Activity returned to moderate levels on 19 July by virtue of an isolated M1/1b flare from Region 9537 (S08, L = 166, class/area Dso/070 on 16 July), which was in a gradual decay phase prior to the flare. Activity dropped to low to very low levels during the rest of the period with isolated B- and C-class subflares, mostly from Region 9543 (S23, L = 077, class/area Eai/380 on 22 July). This region began a gradual development phase on 19 July that continued as the period ended.

Activity was low during most of the period, briefly dipping to very low levels on 26 July. Isolated B-and C-class subflares occurred during most days. Region 9543 (S23, L = 076, class/area Eai/380 on 22 July) produced isolated C-class flares during 23 – 24 July as it slowly developed. This region began to gradually decay on 25 July. Region 9553 (N13, L = 009, class/area Dai/190 on 26 July) produced isolated C-class subflares during 25 – 26 July as it grew at a moderate pace before entering a decay phase late on 26 July. At the close of the period, mostly small, simple sunspot groups populated the disk.

Activity was at low to moderate levels. Low levels occurred through 02 August with isolated C-class subflares from a few small- to moderate-sized regions that were undergoing minor changes. Two large filaments erupted from the south-central portion of the disk on 31 July (subsequently affecting the field on 03 August). An increasing trend commenced on 02 August as Region 9563 (N24, L = 241, class/area Eai/380 on 05 August) entered a rapid growth phase. Region 9563 produced isolated M-class flares on 03 August as it continued to rapidly develop including the formation of a delta magnetic structure in the leader portion of the group. Region 9563 continued to grow during the remainder of the period, but at a more gradual pace as it produced isolated C-class subflares. Activity dropped to low levels on 04 August. Region 9557 (S20, L = 288, class/area Dki/560 on 04 August) entered a rapid development phase on 04 August, but produced no flares. Activity returned to moderate levels on the last day of the period as Region 9557 produced a couple M-class flares while it continued to grow at a gradual pace. Most active regions were in gradual growth phases as the period ended.

Solar activity was low most of the period, but reached moderate levels on 07 August. Region 9557 (S20, L = 288, class/area Dki/600 on 07 August) produced the sole M-class flare of the period: an M1/Sf at 07/0737 UTC. Region 9557 was crossing the west limb and in a gradual growth phase at the time of the flare. Isolated C-class flares occurred during the rest of the period from a few regions of moderate size and magnetic complexity including Regions 9563 (N24, L = 241, class/area Eki/470 on 07 August), 9566 (N17, L = 225, class/area on 09 August), and 9570 (S11, L = 160, Cko/220 on 09 August). Perhaps the most significant event of the period was a long-duration C3 X-ray event during 09/1057 - 1215 UTC associated with a filament channel eruption just west of central meridian and a partial-halo coronal mass ejection (CME). Note: a full-halo CME occurred on 14 August following a filament disappearance near the north central portion of the disk. This CME was expected to impact Earth during 17 - 18 August.

Solar activity was low throughout the period with isolated B- and C-class flares. There was no remarkable activity noted in any of the active regions. However, there were two events of note during the period. The first was a filament disappearance from the north-central portion of the disk around midday on 14 August associated with a long-duration C2 X-ray event and an Earth-directed full-halo CME. The second was a remarkable far side event late on 15 August, possibly from old Region 9557 (S20, L = 288, class/area Dki/600 on 07 August), that was associated with a (anti-Earthward) full-halo CME and a solar energetic particle event. Old Region 9557 was near far-side center disk at the time of the event!

Solar activity ranged from low to high levels throughout the period. Activity was low on 20, 21, and 23 August with isolated B- and C-class flares. Activity was moderate on 22, 24, and 26 August, with a single M1 event occurring on each day. Activity reached high levels on 25 August when Region 9591 (S19, L = 298, class/area Fki/650 on 25 August) produced several M-class flares and an X5/3b event at 25/1645 UTC. This event had an associated 8100 sfu tenflare, Type II and Type IV radio sweeps, and a full halo coronal mass ejection. Region 9591 was by far the most active region during the period. It maintained a relatively large area (600 - 750 millionths) and a beta-gamma-delta magnetic configuration throughout the period. Region 9591 appears to be old returning Region 9557 (S20. L=288, class/area Dki/600 on 07 August) that may have merged with another region.Two other events of note occurred during the period. The first was an eruptive prominence on the limb (EPL) near southeast 20 on about 20/1920 UTC. This event was accompanied by a long-duration C2 x-ray burst, a Type II radio sweep, and various radio bursts. The second event was a filament eruption in the southeast quadrant in concurrence with a long-duration C2 X-ray event that peaked at 21/1303 UTC and a non-earth directed coronal mass ejection.

Solar activity was at moderate levels during most of the period. Region 9591 (S19, L = 295, class/area Fki/740 on 25 August) produced isolated C- and M-class flares (for flare times and magnitudes, please refer to the Energetic Events listing). Region 9591 was large and magnetically complex with magnetic delta structures observed within its interior and trailer spots as the period began. The interior delta dissipated during 27 August as the region began to gradually decay, but the trailer delta persisted through the rest of the period. Region 9599 (S18, L = 238, class/area Dai/220 on 30 August) produced an isolated low-level M-class flare on 30 August during a relatively brief period of growth, which included the formation of a weak delta magnetic structure within its interior spots. The delta structure dissipated on 31 August as Region 9599 began to gradually decay. Region 9601 (N14, L = 213, class/area Fai/760 on 31 August) also produced isolated C- and M-class flares (Note: Regions 9600 and 9601 were combined on 30 August and designated as Region 9601). Region 9601 was large with a moderate degree of magnetic complexity through most of the period. It entered a brief growth phase on 01 September and developed a delta magnetic structure in its trailer spots. Region 9601 lost its delta structure on the following day as it began to gradually decay.

Solar activity ranged from low to high levels. However, the predominate condition was moderate with high levels observed on 05 and 09 September due to major solar flares (for flare specifics, please refer to the Energetic Events list). Region 9601 (N13, L=214, class/area Eki/830 on 05 September) produced the first major flare, an impulsive M6/2b at 05/1432 UTC associated with a 800 sfu Tenflare. Region 9601 also produced isolated, low-level M-class flares during the period including an M1/1f at 07/1538 UTC associated Type II and IV radio sweeps. This large, magnetically complex sunspot group rotated out of view at the close of the period. Region 9608 (S26, L=111, class/area Fkc/1050 on 09 September) produced the other major flare of the period, an impulsive M9/2n flare at 09/2045 UTC associated with a 510 sfu Tenflare. Region 9608 developed multiple magnetic delta configurations within its interior spots prior to the M9 flare. This region also produced isolated, low-level M-class flares during the rest of the period as it remained large and magnetically complex. Region 9591 (S19, L=295, class/area Fki/740 on 25 August), which produced a major flare on 25 August, was large, magnetically complex and in a gradual decay phase as it rotated out of view on 04

September. Regions 9606 (S17, L=151, class/area Eki/360 on 06 September) and 9607 (S16, L=126, class/area Eai/300 on 08 September) produced isolated, low-level M-class flares during the period. Both regions were moderate in size and complexity.

Solar activity ranged from low to high levels, but the predominate condition was moderate. Isolated, low-level M-class flares occurred during most days (for flare specifics, please refer to the Energetic Events and Flares listings). Activity rose to high levels on 16 September with an M5/2n flare from Region 9608 (S27, L = 109, class/area Fkc/1110 on 10 September) at 16/0353 UTC. Region 9608 was also responsible for an M1/1n flare at 15/1128 UTC associated with a Type II radio sweep and a proton event (see the discussion below). Region 9608 gradually decayed, but remained large and magnetically complex as it approached the west limb at the close of the period. Region 9616 (S11, L = 021, class/area Fso/360 on 14 September) also produced isolated low-level M-class flares during the period. This region was moderate in size and magnetic complexity. It appeared to be gradually decaying as the period ended. Another event of interest was a filament eruption from the northeast quadrant during 11/1346 - 1414 UTC associated with a halo CME. Solar Wind data were available from the NASA Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) spacecraft for most of the period. A weak high-speed stream associated with a coronal hole occurred on 11 - 12 September with peak velocities of 500 km/sec. A coronal transient passed Earth during 13 September resulting in relatively minor changes in the solar wind. Another coronal hole-related high speed stream was observed during 15 - 16 September with velocities as high as 650 km/sec. A brief greater than 10 Mev proton event occurred at geosynchronous orbit following an M1 flare on 15 September. The event began at 15/1435 UTC, reached a maximum of 11 pfu at 15/1455 UTC, and ended at 15/1545 UTC. The greater than 10 MeV flux returned to background levels the next day. The greater than 2 MeV electron flux at geosynchronous orbit was at normal to moderate levels during the period. The geomagnetic field was disturbed during 11 - 12 September due to coronal hole effects. Active levels occurred during this disturbance. Active to minor storm periods occurred on 13 September as a coronal transient passed Earth. Active periods also occurred beginning late on 14 September and into 15 September due to coronal hole effects. Activity declined to quiet to unsettled levels on the last day of the period.

Solar activity is expected to be at low to moderate levels. Isolated M-class flares are expected. There will be a slight chance for isolated major flare activity during the period. There will be a slight chance for a solar proton event during the period. The greater than 2 MeV electron flux at geosynchronous orbit is expected to be at normal to moderate levels during most of the period. However, high levels will be possible around 03 - 04 October.The Geomagnetic field is expected to be at active levels during 19 - 20 September and again during 30 September - 01 October. Quiet to unsettled conditions are expected during the remainder of the period.

CV-111	JUAN ARROYO	COSTA RICA	01.Apr.2001
CV-112	DUNAREAN ALEXANDRU	ROMANIA	14.Apr.2001
CV-113	REX HARRIS	UNITED STATES	27.Apr..2001
CV-114	TOM LUCIA	UNITED STATES	06.May.2001
CV-115	KLAAS HONDERS	NETHERLANDS	21.May.2001
CV-116	TERJE BJERKGAARD	NORWAY	31.May.2001